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Spring Framework

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Spring Core

1. Explain Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection (DI)

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2. What are Spring beans, and how do you define them?

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3. What are the different scopes of a Spring bean?

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4. What is the role of the ApplicationContext?

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Spring Configuration

5. What is the purpose of the @Configuration annotation?

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6. How do you import properties files in Spring?

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7. What are profiles in Spring, and how do you use them?

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Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming)

8. What is AOP, and why is it used in Spring?

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9. What is the difference between @Before, @After, and @Around advice?

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10. What are real-world use cases of AOP?

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Spring Data Access

11. What is the role of the JdbcTemplate class?

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12. What are Spring's transaction management capabilities?

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13. What is the difference between @Transactional at the method and class levels?

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14. How do you integrate Spring with JPA or Hibernate?

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15. What are some common transaction isolation types?

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16. What are some common transaction propagation types?

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17. What is the purpose of timeout and readOnly attributes in a transaction?

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18. What is the N+1 query problem in JPA, and how do you solve it?

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19. How do you map a one-to-many relationship in JPA?

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Spring MVC

20. What is the role of the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC?

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21. What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController?

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22. How do you handle exceptions in Spring MVC?

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23. What are interceptors in Spring MVC, and how do you use them?

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24. What is the difference between @ResponseBody and @ResponseEntity?

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25. How do you validate input in a Spring REST API?

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26. How do you use @PathVariable and @RequestParam?

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Spring Security

27. What are the steps to set up basic authentication?

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28. What is the difference between @PreAuthorize and @Secured?

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29. How do you implement custom authentication in Spring Security?

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30. How do filters work in the Spring Security filter chain?

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31. What is CSRF, and how does Spring Security prevent it?

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32. How do you configure JWT in Spring Security?

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Spring Testing

33. How do you test Spring MVC controllers?

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34. What is the role of the @SpringBootTest annotation?

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35. What is the difference between unit testing and integration testing in Spring?

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36. How do you mock dependencies in Spring tests?

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Spring Cloud and Microservices

37. How do you implement service discovery using Spring Cloud Netflix Eureka?

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38. What is Spring Cloud Config, and how does it work?

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39. How do you implement circuit breakers using Spring Cloud?

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40. What is the purpose of Spring Cloud Gateway?

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41. How do you implement rate limiter using Spring Cloud?

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Advanced Topics

42. How does the WebClient work in Spring WebFlux?

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43. What are other RestTemplate alternatives?

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44. How do you enable caching in Spring?

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45. What are some strategies for optimizing Spring application performance?

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46. What is Spring Boot Actuator used for?

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47. What is Spring Batch used for?

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